What is the difference between single carrier and dual carrier network?

400G the chance of OTN technology is that PMC Digi-g4 is the greatest thickness single-chip 4 × 100gott processor in the industry, and also its port power has actually been reduced by over half, which has actually fixed the execution requirements of encryption transmission modern technology sustaining SDN, as well as satisfied the capability, safety as well as the flexibility of 400g line card in package optical transport system (p-otp), ROADM/ WDM and also maximized information center interconnection system Please. In today's optical network link, it is very essential to provide support for the bearer network. Facing the evolution of 400g optical network, it can be a situation in the future.

The replacement of 100g to 400g is not to change 100g with 400g, yet to use 400g in suitable scenarios. 100g still has its very own advantages in transmission performance, as an example, the transmission range is longer than 400g, so the worldwide OTN market will keep the conjunction of 100g and also 400g for a very long time.

G. 654. E fiber with large efficient area as well as reduced loss is taken into consideration to be the very best option to support the next generation ultra-high rate, long-distance as well as large ability transmission, and also has actually become a warm subject in the sector. With the emergence of new solutions such as cloud computing, large data and also high-def video, in addition to the upcoming test business deployment of 5g solutions, network data transfer stress is boosting, and also drivers advanced greater demands for solitary fiber capacity. Compared with the existing 100g system, 400g technology has the advantages of big data transfer, reduced hold-up and also low power usage. It is a tempting trend to release 400g system to satisfy data transfer requirements.

3 transmission schemes of 400g in OTN network:

2x200g transmission system, 4x100g transmission plan and 1x400g transmission system

Compared with the above three transmission systems, they have their very own features and also application circumstances. Presently, the most commonly utilized is the initial 2x200g transmission scheme. The carrier and responsive power inflection of 200km-500am are understood in DMN.

We take 2x200g transmission scheme as an example to present the essential modern technologies of 400g system.

PM-16qam Technology

This is a high order setting modulation plan. PM describes separating an optical signal into two polarization directions, and then regulating the signal to these 2 polarization directions for transmission. It amounts the data processing of "1 separated into 2", and also the price is lowered by half.

16QAM suggests that icon represents 4 electronic bits, which is equivalent to processing information in one part right into 4, and the price is lowered by 1/ 4.

Variable grid ROADM Innovation

Versatile packaging as well as intelligent scheduling of optical signals on the line are recognized.

Variable grid suggests that the network spacing is configurable and supports periods starting from 37.5 GHz symphonious of 12.5 GHz.

The variable grid works with 50 GHz and 100 GHz wavelength grids at taken care of intervals.

The service board supports 12.5 GHz wavelength tuning, and the incorporating and splitting board sustains 12.5 GHz variable grid configuration, which can be packaged flexibly according to the signal size.

The optical signal can be rebuilded by ROADM to realize the intelligent organizing of optical signal.

Carrier double light source technology

Single carrier just makes use of one frequency point; multi service provider utilizes several regularity indicate send info. If N frequencies send information to one individual, the price can be raised by N times.

The 400g double carrier carries out signal handling through DSP. One 400g is divided into 2 200g pm-16qam signals, as well as one 200g inhabits 37.5 GHz spectrum. This way, 400g just requires 75 GHz range and also accomplishes the spectrum performance of 5.33 little bit/ S/ Hz.

What is the distinction between single carrier and dual service carrier network?

With 5g's industrial usage as well as the continual appearance of new services such as cloud computer and big information, the stress of network data transfer is boosting sharply. Compared with the earlier 25g/ 100g, 400g has the advantages of large bandwidth, reduced hold-up and also low power intake. For that reason, the implementation of 400g optical transport network (OTN) is the general pattern. At present, 400g has three transmission technologies: single carrier provider, double carrier as well as four service provider, which can realize 400g optical transmission network (OTN). In addition to the difference of provider number, what are the distinctions among these 3 transmission innovations?

Overview of single carrier 400G Technology

Single carrier 400g technology takes on high-order modulation layout, and constructs 400g network based on 400g pm-16qam, pm-32qam and also pm-64qam. It is suitable for short-range applications such as city network (guy), data center interconnection (DCI) as well as other short-range applications (applications that do not call for long-distance transmission yet call for large band tolerance).

Take 400G pm-16qam technology as an example. Among them, "PM" refers to separating a 400g (448gbit/ s) optical signal right into 2 polarization directions (x and also Y directions), and afterwards regulating the signal to these 2 polarization directions for transmission, as received the figure below. It is equivalent to processing the data in half. "QAM" refers to the process of separating X and Y signals. At this time, the price is minimized by half, that is 224gbit/ s. "16" means that X and also Y signals are separated right into four signals, and also the rate is minimized from 224gbit/ s to 56gbit/ s. Some individuals will certainly ask, why do we need to minimize the baud rate? Because from the present stage of circuit modern technology, 100Gbit/ S is close to the limit of "electronic bottleneck". If we continue to boost the rate, a series of problems such as signal loss, power dissipation and electro-magnetic disturbance are hard to solve. Even if they are addressed, they likewise require to pay a substantial cost.

Advantages: compared with multi carrier light source technology, single carrier 400g technology is a relatively simple wavelength modulation solution with simpler structure, smaller size and relatively low power consumption. Moreover, it can provide network management. Because the single carrier 400g technology adopts a higher-order modulation format, it can improve the signal rate and spectrum efficiency by more than 300%, thus greatly expanding the network capacity to support more users. Moreover, it has a high degree of system integration, which can connect the individual subsystems into a complete system, so that they can work together with each other to obtain the best performance. In other words, single carrier is an economical and efficient solution.

Disadvantages: because single carrier adopts higher-order modulation format, it needs higher optical signal to noise ratio, which greatly shortens the transmission distance (less than 200 km). If the technology is not broken through, the application in long-distance transmission is not optimistic. At the same time, single carrier is easily affected by laser phase noise and fiber nonlinear effect.

Review of 400G dual carrier technology

For the single carrier 400g modern technology, the dual provider 400g takes on the 2 * 200g very network modern technology system, which generally constructs the 400g incredibly channel through the inflection styles such as 8qam, 16QAM as well as QPSK, which is suitable for long-distance and also complex male. Double service provider 400g is primarily used for signal processing via DSP. One 400g optical signal is divided into 2 200g signals, as well as one 200g occupies 37.5 ghz spectrum. Thus, 400g just needs 75ghz range, therefore attaining a spectrum efficiency of 5.33 bit/s/hz. The data baud rate of 400g (448 Gbit/ s) signal handling is 448 2 (twin carrier) ＋ 2 (PM) ＋ 4 (16QAM) = 28g baud.

Advantages: the spectrum efficiency of dual carrier 400g is improved by more than 165%. The system has high integration, small size and low power consumption. At present, the transmission technology has begun to be commercial, commonly used in 400g OTN. At the same time, compared with single carrier 400g, dual carrier 400g can transmit 500 km with a slightly longer transmission distance; when it is used with low loss optical fiber and EDFA, the transmission distance can reach more than 1000 km, which can basically meet the application requirements of long-distance transmission.

Disadvantages: Although the dual carrier 400g is used with low loss optical fiber and EDFA, the transmission distance can reach more than 1000 km, but it can not meet the ultra long distance transmission requirements of more than 2000 km.

Four carrier 400G Technology

Four carrier 400g technology means that four subcarriers (each carrying a 100g signal) use Nyquist WDM pdm-qpsk modulation method to create 400g channel, which is suitable for ultra long distance backbone network transmission.

Advantages: the technology of four carrier 400g is mature, and it has been used in commercial scale with low cost, and the transmission distance can reach 2000 km.

Under the problem of 400g range compression chip, we can just resolve the problem by presenting 400g range chip as well as upgrading the system power consumption.

400g modern technology considerably improves the transmission bandwidth and also range of OTN network, making OTN network recognize huge bandwidth and also long distance non relay transmission, which plays a crucial sustaining duty in the 5g commercial application of OTN network.

Challenges of 400G transmission

When 400g transmission modern technology is widely needed and also creating rapidly, 400g transmission technology is also confronted with varied obstacles. For instance, with the gradual increase of modulation collection, the decrease of transmission range requires high standard parts. Nevertheless, the present 100g transmission has gradually come close to the transmission limitation. As a result, in the expanding demand of multi subcarriers, the system's The complexity is doubling. In addition, the range efficiency and also transmission range end up being the primary architecture opposition of ultra-100g.